Air Canada essay

Assignment: International trade of Canadian companies: Company information Name: Air Canada Products/Services offered: As Canada’s largest airline and the world’s tenth-largest passenger airline by number of destinations, it offers direct passenger service to more than 175 destinations on five different continents. Air Canada is an airline offering air transport to diverse customers. Customers can pay premiums for first-class seats while others may chose to travel as economy class. The company’s primary function again is to offer air travel while other revenues stream from commodity sales abord air crafts. Brief History:Air Canada originated from the Canadian federal government's 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines, which inaugurated its first flight on September 1, 1937. By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canada's national airline; it changed its name to Air Canada. The significance of this is that the government’s commissioning of the original company p latformed it’s future success. The airline was fully privatized in 1989 (made independent from the government). After an unofficial monopolization of the company’s extent, In 2001 Air Canada began meeting new rivals. One example of a newer company that sprouted after this period was Canadian Airlines.All in all because of the outreach of the company’s operations on national and international levels, it became so strong that In 2006, 34 million people flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated its 70th anniversary. Size: Operating revenues (Canadian dollars in millions): $ 12,120 Revenue per passenger miles (millions) (RPM): $ 55,646 Headquarters: La Rondelle (â€Å"The Puck† in French); a 7 story building that serves as the corporate headquarters of Air Canada, located on the grounds of Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport and in Saint-Laurent,Montreal, near Dorval.The largest hub: Toronto Pearson International Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) as part of Transport Canada's National Airports System and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance. Toronto Pearson directly employs 106,000 people, with an additional 80,000 people employed indirectly in the community, One of the largest private employers of the country.Subsidiaries of the company: Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Vacations, Air Canada Express, Air Canada Jetz, and Air Canada Rouge. Fleet: The Air Canada fleet consists of 204 aircraft (as of December 2012). All aircraft are fitted with the new interiors, except three Boeing 767-300ERs. The new interior is a revamp of the cabin and has new installation of individual video displays in both Executive First and Economy classes. The majority of the widebody aircraft (B767, B777, A330) operates between Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary. Aircraft |Total | |Airbus A319-100 |37 | |Airbus A320-200 |41 | |Airbus A321-200 |10 | |Airbus A330-300 |8 | |Boeing 767-300ER |30 | |Boeing 777-200LR |6 | |Boeing 777-300ER |12 | |Boeing 787-8 |— | |Embraer175 |13 | |Embraer190 |45 | Number of in-craft employees: Approximately 27,000 employees (over 6,800 flight attendants) Extent of International Business Air Canada provides scheduled passenger service directly to 59 Canadian cities, 55 destinations in the U. S and 64 cities in other international locations. In terms of facilities outside of Canada, Air canada operates in 119 places. In itself the company is a global organization.Air Canada’s international strategy is helped through membership with Star Alliance as it strengthens market presence in Central America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and India. Air canada is attracting international revenues. Its extensive and expanding through its global network with its modern air fleet. Industry-leading on-board products and services, lounges and airport facilities are among the advantages that bring international success to Air Canada. Air Canada is Canada’s largest domestic, U. S. transborder and international airline and the largest provider of scheduled passenger services in the Canadian market, the Canada-U. S. transborder market and in the international market to and from Canada. Domestic, U. S. ransborder and international departures accounted for approximately 66%, 26% and 8%, respectively, of the 1,520 average daily departures in 2012. Air Canada also carried close to 35 million revenue passengers and provided passenger service to 178 direct destinations across it’s five continents. Statistics Taken: (Bibliography): Air Canada Main, Air Canada Financial Report: http://www. aircanada. com/en/about/acfamily/index. html Skies Magzine News: http://skiesmag. com/news/articles/17097-air-canada-turns-75-with-a-nod-to-history. html CUPE National: http://cupe. ca/air-canada/a4a280dbf06baf Statistics Canada: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som /l01/cst01/trans01a-eng. htm

History ‘biased’

Brave, slaughtering, lord of battle, marched on, noble conqueror, so many dangers, came back to the battle field his victory, praise, wonderful virtues. (b) This Duke after following his enemy's, came back to the battlefield In the middle of the night. At first dawn he took the road to London At length he brought his soldiers safely across the river Thames. From there he went through London. The Londoners gave hostages and gave themselves and all that they owned to William. Finally he won the battle. (c) Yes because it hasn't got much detail in it so it sounds boring and uninteresting.It ounds like no one cared about him and he didn't have any followers because of the poor quality writing. 4) Yes because if they knew everything about him and how kind he was then they would be able to write from the truth and the writers wouldnt just me making up lies to interest people. 5) Because it makes it look as though William is a big strong hero who is bigger than everyone, like a God or a rea lly strong lord rather than a King. 6) I think source E was written by an Englishman because it doesnt include anything good about him. It Just says how things get worse and worse not â€Å"Things were getting worse but this didn't stop William! â€Å"

Effects of 2008 Beijing Olympic Tourism Assignment

Effects of 2008 Beijing Olympic Tourism - Assignment Example The methodology to be applied for the present research is mainly based on the analysis of the literary sources related to the topic; another method used in the research is the analysis of the possible effects according to the separate aspects: political, economical, social and business. A strategy of place marketing and urban image construction examined in this paper is the staging of mega events and grand urban spectacles to attract world attention to cities. In the hope of hosting world class media events, public funds are squandered to turn cities into 'stage sets', using spectacular urbanism, monumental architecture, and modern infrastructure to erect images of progress, order and prosperity. Throughout the 1990s, a series of international events and grand political spectacles were held in Beijing to improve global perception of the city. These were accompanied by international marketing campaigns to advertise the city on the world scene and by major social, cultural, and physical beautification programmes intended to reform the city's human and material resources. As the example of Beijing will show, spectacles, festivals, and rituals are not solely directed to an international audience in the hope of attracting visitors and capital, but they also act as important tools of national representation by reviving national pride and unity and convincing local citizens of the beneficence of the system. Urban spectacles are also used to aestheticize local politics. As Wahab & Cooper rightly noted, aesthetics can easily turn an unsavoury political agenda into an intoxicating spectacle (2001). Urban spectacles and mega events can therefore have an important depoliticizing effect by draining politics out of the urban arena, thereby averting political controversy and dwarfing political defiance from the local population (Sinclair & Stabler, 1997, p. 90). Much like the 'bread and circuses' of ancient Rome, the spectacular displays that accompany the staging of important world events often act as instruments of popular pacification and social control. By distracting people from their everyday struggles, the spectacle lowers their social and political awareness and weakens their sense of criticism, thereby promoting complacency and alienation. In Beijing as elsewhere, the preparation for hosting mega events also calls for social beautification programmes, which include complex tactics of social disciplining, 'civilizing' reforms and a tightening of the social control

Critically analyse and discuss in depth aspects of enterprise Essay

Critically analyse and discuss in depth aspects of enterprise - Essay Example The tough rules and regulations for starting a business have been liberalized by many countries in order to boost the domestic business as well as for attracting foreign direct investment. Business start ups have positive impacts on economical, political and social aspects and hence the business start ups are normally encouraged by many governments. Without the development of industry no country can able to develop. The yield from agriculture alone may not be sufficient enough for strengthening the economy. Moreover the agricultural yields depend on so many natural parameters and hence nobody can ensure a fixed income from agricultural yields. On the other hand industrial development or business development may help a nation in achieving economic targets and thereby a nation can stabilize the economic growth. â€Å"According to an EU study, benchmarking the then EU 15 Member States, in 2001 the average time to start-up a company in the EU 15 was 22 days and the cost â‚ ¬ 827. At the base of this process lays the fact that countries with lesser administrative burdens in the procedures required to create a company (cheaper and faster start-ups) have greater numbers of business start-ups.† (Start-up procedures - An overview, n.d) An average business can be set up within short time span if the rules and regulations of the country are liberalized. Most of the countries who previously administered strict rules for starting a business have liberalized their norms, realizing the importance of business in the development of economy. Through business, whatever the available resources in a country can be utilized effectively. The economy of a country develops only when all the resources of the country utilized in a positive manner. For example, India is a country having over a billion populations. Most of the youths in India are unemployed though they have good education.

Western Pop Culture Hip Hop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Western Pop Culture Hip Hop - Essay Example The language used by Herc was â€Å"slang† And these terms were adopted as part of the Hip- hop culture’s lexicon. This culture caught on like wild fire and so the DJs around the world were rapping to popular numbers such as â€Å"The Sugar Hill Gang†, â€Å"Kurtis Blow†, â€Å"The Breaks† and â€Å"Rapper’s Delight†. (Nile Rodgers, 2008)This sort of language and style was also used to raise community issues or problems within their neighborhood or city. They used this media to raise awareness and create a consciousness among the others so that they would show interest in solving the problem or issue. During the later part of the 1970’s, the Billboard magazine produced an article on the local phenomenon titled ‘B Beats bombarding Bronx,’ making the mention of Kool Herc as an influential figure. (Forman M; Neal M, 2004, Pg. 2)Many of the artists used the Hip- Hop language to make social statements. For example, the s ong â€Å"The Message† by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five was an original Hip- pop song that was released by Sugar Hill Records in 1982. The song had a unique slow rhythm and beat with simple language used to bring out the suffering and frustrations experienced in the ghetto. Some of the lyrics in the song. Soon other artists like Puff Daddy, Ice Cube, Check Yo Self, Snoop Dogg, Andre Nickatina and others made use of the original song’s synthesizer riffs and other samples in their Rap songs creating social awareness on different situations among the people.

Critcal analysis of synergetic mergers and aquisition (case Porsche Essay

Critcal analysis of synergetic mergers and aquisition (case Porsche Volkswagen) - Essay Example The objective of the present study is to critically evaluate the synergism that ‘M & As’ in the automobile industry achieved primarily through the Review of Literature method and supplement its findings through expert interviews. The questionnaire for the interviews was evolved based on a study of the extant management literature on the subject. This researcher observed that prima facie, a large number of references in the management literature deal with the motivations, mechanics and guidelines for achieving the objectives of ‘M & As’ per se. References to the automobile industry were few and far between. A possible reason for this was apparent from a research study published by scholars in the Groningen University, which brings out the relevance of organisations’ R & D intensity to the use of ‘M & As’ as a growth strategy. It is the fond hope of this researcher that the present study ever so humbly extends the available literature on th e subject and also inspires further studies. Management literature recognises ‘M & As’ as an important corporate growth strategy when organisations reach the limits of organic growth or in the context of globalisation and opportunities available worldwide. However when management literature refers to ‘M & As’, it also includes alliances, acquisitions, mergers and takeovers with its variations like hostile takeovers. The objective of all these processes is to create a larger and financially more powerful company. Even at the global level M &As have increased in number and scale phenomenally since the 1990s. Businesses use them to consolidate in their search for scale economies, to increase their global reach and competitiveness, acquire competencies, or new technologies and convergence of services. There have been four phases of global M & As beginning with the later part of the nineteenth century and

Effects of Upholding the Traditions Research Paper

Effects of Upholding the Traditions - Research Paper Example The research paper "Effects of Upholding the Traditions" aims to examine the effects, both positive and negative, of traditions in the society. A tradition is a belief mostly manifested through behaviors. Such behaviors are portrayed by members of a group or even a society. These behaviors can be traced from a certain origin and hence given a meaning. This implies that the behaviors practiced are significant to that particular group or society and, therefore, can be explained. This study will analyze the concept of tradition as depicted in the article â€Å"The lottery†. It will specifically look at the effects of traditions in society. It will examine both the positive and negative aspects of traditions. Some of the positive effects are: fostering socialization, enhancing unity, nurturing responsibilities, fostering harmony, passing on of traditional values and enhancing virtues in the society. Some of the negative effects include; acting blindly without questioning, can lead to conflict between the old generation and the new generations, can lead to evils and barbaric actions. The society should identify the positive traditions that lead to positive effects and uphold them. On the other hand, harmful traditions that lead to negative effects should be done away with. Traditions can enhance unity in the society. From the lottery article, this unity is seen when there is concern shown for those who had not arrived for the event; others were late while others did not show up for one reason, or another.

The structure of congress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The structure of congress - Essay Example Indeed, the government system in the United States may have its own strengths and weaknesses and it is subject to a number of critical review and analysis, some of which have been done in the following texts. The Structure of Congress Generally, the Congress of the United States is a bicameral legislature, which takes its unique governance operations from its structure and committees. There exist two major for a namely the House of Representatives and the Senate, two of whom make up the bicameral legislature. Due to the array of work that needs to be done by the Senate and House, there is a compromised system which ensures that the workload is better handled and this system is in the use of the committees to get duties of Congress executed (Stowitts, 2009). Indeed, the various committees and the responsibilities or roles assigned to them make up the structure of Congress. There exists several committees at the Senate but these may be grouped and categorized into Standing Committees, Select Committees, and Joint Committees. At the House, committees are put in charge of special sectors of the economy and thus make up committees such as Committee on Agriculture, Committee on House Administration, Committee on Rules, and so on. In its broader sense, it can be said that the Congress represents the larger population of the United States of America. The reason for this assertion is that members of Congress are voted into their offices and not merely appointed. This electoral system therefore enshrines powers in the hands of the ordinary American to determine who he or she wants to represent (Stowitts et al, 2010). Consequently, Congress represents the people on the ground. By the voting system, it is important to note that the fact that a congressman is voted for by a particular group of persons does not mean that that congressman represents the interest of those people only but then, once the congressman assumes office, he is mandated to represent the interest of all people within his electoral area without discrimination. It is indeed due to the need for there to be a fairer representation of the United States people that there are as people as 535 Voting members of Congress scattered all across the various States of America. What Congress does As democratic as the government system of the United States of America is, one of the virtues of governance that can indeed justify the exhibition of democracy in that country is the presence of shared powers among state offices, or what is commonly known as checks and balance (Stowitts, 2009). To this end, there are three major arms of government namely the executive, judiciary and legislature. The legislative arm of government is mainly responsible for making laws that are rooted in the constitution of the country. It is this arm that Congress represents. What congress does exactly therefore is for it to make laws for the country. With this role of Congress, some of the powers of state governance are taken away from the presidency into the hands of the ordinary people, whom the Congress represents. Subsequently, Congress determines several aspects of state governance including how funds should be raised for the country and how funds raised should

Keeping Schools Safe During Tight Budget Times Essay

Keeping Schools Safe During Tight Budget Times - Essay Example Parents can be able to understand and forgive educators and stakeholders in the education sector if they fail in their performance, but they find it difficult to forgive if their children are hurt through accidents or incidents which could have been avoided through strategic management or planning. The media and attorneys, also support parents in their initiative. These groups advocate for educators to be proactive even during tough economic times and stringent financial times. In today’s post-Columbine era, school safety has brewed a potent storm that has seen a number of events threaten the progress and reforms made on security, school drug and violence prevention, and emergency and disaster preparedness. In July 1, 2010, the federal Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program was eliminated, and the U.S department of education for the financial year 2011 proposed a new school safety program. The Title IV segment of the program was eliminated despite its strong agitation for strategi es aimed at preventing drug and violence in schools. The new program proposed by the U. S department of education is shallow and fails to integrate the diverse programs that were incorporated in the Safe and Drug-Free Schools, which provided strategies to school for a decade (Trump, 1). A raging economic recession has seen cutbacks being imposed to local school budgets in an effort to channel finances to other areas that are deemed more strategic and intricate. The uncertainty of the future coupled with hasty decisions on school budget cuts may negatively impact future planning and accrue more costs. School leaders assume that the budget cuts on security, prevention, and other safety programs will be shifted to other agencies. Police, community based programs, and social service also face the same economic hard times. Moreover, education leaders and legislators have shifted their focus from school safety to performance, reforms, and meeting other state and federal expectations. Scho ol safety funding has been overridden by a focus on lobbying for academic funding and policy. In the long term, schools are most likely to face elimination of programs and staff involved in implementing school safety and prevention programs. Programs such as Youth Development Programs, Student Assistance Programs, and Professional Development Programs are will be adversely affected, as well as staff layoffs. These programs are crucial towards ensuring a safe and healthy environment. Staff reduction ultimately leads to student behavioral problems and increased security threats. This is highly because of the dramatic shift from a proactive approach to a reactive approach in school safety and prevention efforts. Consequently, the quality and quantity of services decline. This has been confirmed by a detailed report prepared by the Department of Education (Trump, 2). Schools are at the risk of declining awareness and disaster preparedness mainly because of a profound decrease in profess ional development programs. However, despite these impending damages, school leaders can keep their schools safe through implementing effective school safety communication channels within the institutions. Schools can create and update a safety Web page. This provides parents with tips and information on where to drop-off or pick-up their children. The page should have a link to the district’

What are your top 5 strengths Describe the results from this exercise Essay

What are your top 5 strengths Describe the results from this exercise. Was this exercise beneficial to you Why, or why not Remember to cite any sources used, including the textbook - Essay Example In the world, there is no law of fairness. Considering self control, this is the ability to do things without force from other parties (Nancy, 2010, p.23). The ability to have self control comes when one has the freedom to make choices thus, the right decision, lies with the person. In the exercise, the level of self control was high because I did not need anyone so as to do the right thing. Integrity, this the personal aspect where a personal has honesty in the things that one does. In the exercise, the level of integrity was rather wanting because honesty is a self driven aspect that only the individual can put to themselves. Considering humor, this is the ability to enjoy the fun from another person, where the person likes what the other person is trying to point out. In the exercise, the level of humor was high (Nancy, 2010, p. 34). The exercise was of no benefit because there was little emphasize on the strengths that an individual has. The exercise was not elaborate thus the strengths remain the same after the exercise. The exercise would be successful if there were activities to increase the strengths in a person in consideration (Nancy, 2010,

Work Experience Essay Example for Free

Work Experience Essay Thursday, a new day, I was actually looking forward to seeing what today had to bring. I was right to wonder as today we were doing the normal lessons of Maths, P. E, English and History, which we do Thursdays, but today we were also going to do painting. The children were excited, and so was I. After our fun last lesson of the day of painting it was time to pack up and go home. I, on the otherhand had to stay and clean up, which I did not mind as I had seen how much the children enjoyed painting and just the smiles on their faces gave me motivation and me smile too. Friday, the day I had at first been looking forward to but was now dreading all week had come. I was upset at the thought of leaving the children that had made me feel so welcome and had made me smile not stop for the past two weeks. The day was all right. It started the same way and was pretty much the same, apart from the gut feeling I had. As the day went on I tried my hardest to explain to the children that I was going back to my own school, to do my work. They did not understand, no matter how much I explained. After two weeks it was over, it was the end of the day on Friday and I was going to have to say goodbye. All of sudden two children missing and five minutes later they returned with a big card for me. I was very emotional at this point as I held back my tears. In the card they had all signed it and had drawn pictures of themselves. I also had six pictures that Ross, Daryl, Chloe, Steph and Katie had drawn for me. As the children left they all hugged me and took a handful of marshmallows, which I had brought in for them. I remember saying goodbye to all of them and holding back my tears. There was of course two favourites, isnt there always but these two were special to me as they had me feel so comfortable around them and had always been grabbing my hand at every chance. These two children were Chloe and Daryl. Although me and Daryl did have our moments, like when he decided that he had just about enough of me and he stuck his finger up at me, which to be honest was quite funny and when Chloe gave me a photo of herself and her granddad which I of course returned to her tray without her knowing. I then picked up my bag and walked out of Ruislip Gardens Primary School one last time. I left and caught my bus home feeling sad and shedding a tear or two. From work experience I feel that I have matured a lot and that I definitely know that this is definitely the line of work I am interested in. I have below written my own poem of my experience of work experience. The moment that I first saw it I was terrified, but little did I no the children were going to be right by my side. The children they were lovely and the staff they were too, Things did not turn out how I had expected and all the things I had imagined they were not at all true. I am glad that I had gone there to work and act mature, But I am definite I am eager to start the real World of work and this I am sure. Now there is one thing I would want to say and I want everyone at Ruislip Gardens to know too, I would like to say this and I mean it, THANK-YOU.

Chinese Labor and Employment Law Essay Example for Free

Chinese Labor and Employment Law Essay In November 2001, China became a fully admitted member of the World Trade Organization and in n in international trade. China has not only become a major export power, but also an attractive investment target for world trade and investment continues to increase, its labor environment will likely attract more ? 2 1980. At least 130 million of these are migrant workers who move from relatively poor rural areas to urban and industrial centers to work. Many of these migrant workers remit portions of their earnings back to family members in their hometown. Until recently, China has typically had an oversupply of unskilled labor and a shortage of skilled and professional workers. However, in the past several years, some companies in the major industrial hubs have begun to complain about labor shortages. As a result, many companies now raise wages 10 percent or more annually to retain workers, while others have closed their doors and moved to poorer inland areas or countries with cheaper labor. Interestingly, salaries for new university graduates have stagnated university system. While university graduates start their careers with wages comparable to a factory worker, their salaries typically rise much more quickly than those factory workers. How have 35 years. Prior to the early 1980s, nearly all jobs were allocated to citizens through an administrative bureau. Employees could not choose their employer or terminate their employment. Further, regulations set an expectation that the employee would work for the same employer for her or his whole working life. Companies in this era could only terminate employees for gross misconduct. This type of labor market and social safety net was called the Iron Rice Bowl because the employer guaranteed job security and benefits to employees In other words, the benefits could not be taken away 3 In 1983, the government introduced a contract system that attempted to address the low productivity of the labor market by replacing the Iron Rice Bowl with short-term labor contracts. At first, state-owned companies resisted this trend and the government succeeded only in minimal reforms. In 1992, the N required all trade unions to be affiliated with the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU). This effectively brought labor unions under greater control of the government. The Labor Law of 1994 liberalized the labor market. The labor law, when combined with economic reforms, resulted in more than 40 million lost jobs in government and state-owned enterprises. As a result of the reforms, the government shuttered inefficient businesses and the formerly economically dominant northeast turned into a rustbelt. Meanwhile, Chinese entrepreneurs and Hong Kong investors transformed the formerly weak southeast province of Guangdong into the largest center of manufacturing in the world. In 2008, the government introduced a Labor Contract Law that rolled back some of the laissez-faire approaches to the workforce that the government introduced in the 1990s. This new law abolished the system of at-will employment for most full-time employees and required employers to provide employees with written contracts. Since 2008, the government has also revisited its policy of tight control over the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU). While all unions must still be approved by and affiliated with ACFTU, it appears that the government is allowing the ACFTU greater authority to advocate for the rights of workers than it did just a few years ago. That said, the government continues to imprison workers who advocate for the formation of independent trade unions. W A G ES Does China have a minimum wage? 4 Yes. There are two standards of minimum wage: monthly and hourly. Minimum wages are set at the provincial and municipal level. The government prohibits employers from reaching an agreement with employees for wages that fall below the local minimum wage standard regardless of whether the employee is still in her or his probation period or internship. A probationary period occurs at the beginning of an employment relationship and allows employers to terminate employees without severance pay up to a maximum of six months, but usually just two months. The probation period allows the employer to make sure the employee is a good fit with the employer before being locked into the full term of the employment contract. Provincial and municipal governments frequently adjust statutory minimum wages. For example, many municipalities have raised their minimum wages twice in the past year alone. Ho It depends on the locality. -time employees is RMB 1,120/month, or roughly $165. However, in the poorer inland city of Chongqing, the minimum wage is RMB 870/month, or roughly $130. Of course, purchasing wages. The relative cost of living in China is lower than in many developed countries, but even when wages are adjusted for relative prices they remain much lower than in highly developed countries. How much do factory workers earn? It depends on the locality, industry, skill level, and a host of other factors. However, several sources keep broad indices of costs for general factory labor across many regions. Although the indices are only rough estimates, they are helpful in gauging wage differentials across the country. For example, a skilled manufacturing employee in Beijing can be hired for 5 RMB 3,000/month, or roughly $445. A similar worker in the poorer inland municipality of Chongqing can be hired for RMB 1,900/month, or roughly $280. To illustrate how important geographic location is in determining wage rates, the average employee salary in Beijing is nearly three times higher than in the poor inland province of Jiangxi. Do Chinese workers get overtime? T , an employer must pay overtime compensation to any employee who works more than 40 hours per week. As a general rule, an employer cannot require overtime of more than one hour per day, or three hours per day under special circumstances, and no more than 36 hours per month. As in many other countries, white collar workers like managers and sales staff are often exempt from the overtime pay rules. The following payment schedule illustrates the overtime pay requirements. E xtended Wor king Hours Typical working day Rest day (min. one per week) (i. e. , weekend) National holiday M inimum O vertime Pay (percent of regular wages) 150 percent 200 percent 300 percent Many migrant workers desperate to earn quick money agree with the employer to work beyond the maximum overtime requirements so they can send extra money home to their families. This type of overtime work is frequently found in industrial hubs and is a contributing cause of recent labor strikes because employees who agree to these arrangements place downward price pressure on wages and upward pressure on hours. Employers are also able to maneuver around overtime regulations by applying to the local labor authorities and asking for approval to use an alternative system of working hours. What are the wage levels for workers who are paid piece-rate? 6 Piece-rate is a compensation system where the employer pays the employee for each unit produced or action performed, not on the basis of time. Piece-rate wages are still a feature of to address the exploitation of employees through piece rates. For example, workers were exploited when employers paid workers at piece-rate, but then fined them for quality defects, tardiness, or no reason at all. These penalties effectively left workers with wages far below what the employer promised the workers during the hiring process. The first principle of piece-rate wages is that employers cannot set a work quota so high that it prevents an employee from completing the work within an eight-hour day or an average 40-hour week.

The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan

The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan In the National context of Mental Health in New Zealand during 1800 and 1900, almost 50% of people living in New Zealand are experiencing of some form of Mental Illness. The first lunatic asylum opened in New Zealand on 1854 is in Karori, Wellington. A mentally ill person is being held in the prison at first because there is no place to care for each of them. Around 1860s and 1870s, the government is starting to build more asylums around the country and they usually built it on the edges of the towns. The Karori, near at the Wellington on 1854, Dunedin and Sunnyside, Christchurch 1863, The Whau, Auckland 1867, Seaview, Hokitika 1872, and Nelson 1876. In 1950 they have discovered new drugs that they believe to treat mental illnesses and some psychotherapy are the things that are used more often in the asylums. They are hoping that those new drugs will cure and transform the lives of the people who are experiencing a chronic illness. Like, injecting a too much insulin to regulate in their brain and they will do a what they called â€Å" Prefrontal Leucotomy†, it is a brain surgery for the person with mental illness but both of them is producing a side effects to the body and brain of the patient. So, they have decided to discontinue that treatment. They do more research on how to transform a person with mental illness and they come up with the Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), it is using a chemical to persuade a seizure. As of the moment the ECT is still present at some mental hospitals and they are doing it more safely and more modified rather than the first ECT used in the asylums. In 1950s they started to found drugs that can treat a depression, mania, anxiety and psychosis. Most of the staff in the first asylums that are built ages ago do not have any medical training or do not have medical background. Restraint are often used in the asylums like locked cloths or gloves, it is a soft jacket made of cloth that doesn’t allow any movement from the arms of the patient with mental illness and also they are secluding a patient who are dangerous and having a challenging behaviour. They are starting to develop the treatment that are used in the asylums and as time goes by the patients with mental illnesses are manage and stabilised. They are being discharge from the mental hospitals sooner compared the time of being discharge before but some are being re admit again in the mental hospitals because their actions and behaviours is back. Ministry of Health is providing a compulsory treatments and assessments for the people who are considered having a mental illness. Protecting the persons with mental disorders who are posing to harm, hurt and can make a serious risk about their own self or to others. The Ministry of health is promoting the safety and protections of the mental health consumers in a way of explaining and clarifying the role of the clinicians and services. They are also aiming for the treatment and care of the alcoholics and drug addicts that are also being confined in the rehab where they can learn how to control their own self and how to know they limitations while undergoing in the treatments assigned to them. The Ministry of Health is providing an accurate level of care for the persons who are in the mental hospitals and for those persons who are drug addict or the alcoholism. The government is funding the health and disability services anywhere in New Zealand. They are giving a free outpatient and inpatient hospitals which are open to public and services that the people with mental illness or disabilities needs. Some are not qualified to use the services funded publicly but they can still use the services, they just only have to pay for their own bill because it is not free for them and they can also get some insurance in case that something happened to them and they don’t have extra money on that moment, the insurance will help them to pay for the bill that they have. The District Health Board is also funding the mental health illnesses and the addiction. They are helping those people who have an addiction and alcoholic problems and also those people who are experiencing a mental illness. They are helping to and providing the services that they need to ensure the health and safety of the person. Their aim is to provide the accurate treatment to tr eat them. Terminology, is a terms that are used in a special subject, science, business, or art. There are also terms that people usually call the person with mental illness like; Lunatic, A person who is ill mentally. Imbecile and idiot, a person which is stupid and madness, a person who cannot think in a right way and doing some action which are not appropriate for a normal person to do. Discrimination and stigma is one of the most identified attitudes of the society towards the person with mental illness. Stigma has an impact to the person with mental illness especially if they are the one who is stigmatizing their own self called self stigmatizing which they turned against on their own self. It is happening on both self stigma and public because they are just letting the self esteem and confidence of a person by showing and having a prejudice mind towards the others. Most of the person who has or have a mental illness are already experience discrimination in the society. In a way of cannot go to normal school because some children will tease them, not having a job because they are not being trusted because of their actions, social dignity and having a relationship. They are not just the only person who is experiencing discrimination in the society but also the family of the person with mental illness. We all know that news can easily spread and the family will be a ffected also because the society is discriminating and judging them about having a family member who has a mental illness or addiction. The stereotypes of a person with mental illness is the society knows that a person has a mental illness, addict, and alcoholic; they will stay away from them because they are judging that they will get hurt because in their mind they just think that those person will hurt them because they cannot think normally. There is also a barrier to every person who has a disability because they cannot socialize with a normal people, they were also afraid that they will get hurt by the normal people because they have a disability. They are just losing the confidence to face other people. Most of them feel afraid to face everyone because some of them do not know how to trust because even their own family member is just hurting them if they lose their patience on taking care the person with mental illness. We all know that a person with mental Illness some are the result and symptoms of their mental illness but also some are the side effects of the medication. Like, if they were given an anti psy chotic drugs and the side effects are getting drowsy and confuse. They will think that someone will hurt them, or having a paranoia. Their instinct as a human being is to protect their own self that is the reason why they are starting to hurt someone or will have a challenging behaviour. The Rising Challenge about the Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan of 2012-2017 which provides the guide to the Mental Health and addiction sector, and also in this plan they include the funders, clear path on plans and the providers of the Mental Health and addiction services on the priority areas of the government for the development of each services that they provide. They are also focusing on the better resources of the materials used to the person with a mental illness, providing the needs that each person in the hospitals, rehabs, and mental hospitals. They are just not focusing on the adults with illnesses or addiction but all of the ages are their priorities even if they are infants or a child. There are many government agencies that are funding the Mental Health. One of them is the Mental Health Foundation; they work to influence and bring awareness to the family/ whanau of the person with a mental illness and also they are improving and sustaining the mental health of the person with mental illness to gain and show their potential. The Ministry of Health is funding the plan, and provides health services including public health services, hospitals within the location. They are also supporting and funding services in the disability sector, mental health service, screening programs, maternity services and any kind of services related to the health of a person. Most of the funds are coming from the taxes of the workers in New Zealand, each worker has an equivalent percentage of tax depending on their annual salary but most of the salary has a 10.5 percentage of tax if their annual salary is 60,000 New Zealand dollars and that is where all the funds are coming from. So most of the workers around New Zealand have participation on funding the public hospitals or for the people having a disability or mental illness. References Warwick Brunton. Mental health services, Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9-Nov-12 URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/mental-health-services Warwick Brunton. Mental health services Lunatic asylums, 1840s to 1900s, Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 13-Jul-12 URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/mental-health-services/page-2 The Porirua Hospital and Museum.( 1997). The Origins of Mental Health Care in New Zealand andWellington. Retrieved from: http://poriruahospitalmuseum.org.nz/history/the-origins-of-mental-health-care-in-new-zealand-and-wellington/ Miriam Webster dictionary. (2015). Dictionary: Terminology. Retrieved from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terminology Oxford University Press.(2015).Oxford Dictionaries: Lunatic and Imbecile. Retrieved from: www.oxforddictionaries.com Ministry of health.(2012).Guidelines to the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act1992. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: www.health.govt.nzis Ministry of health.(2011).Publicly funded health and disability services. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: www.health.govt.nzis The Guardian.(2011). Mental Health: Attitudes improving towards mental illness,. Retrieved from: www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jun/08/attitudes-mental-health-survey Ministry of Health.(2012-2017).Rising to the Challenge: The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan 2012-2017.Wellington:Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: www.health.govt.nz/publication/rising-challenge-mental-health-and-addiction-service-development-plan-2012-2017 Mental Health Foundation.(2015).Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand: Different Government agencies. Retrieved from: www.mentalhealth.org.nz Ministry of Health.(2014). Funding: New Zealand’s health and disability system is mainly funded from general taxation. Retrieved From: www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/overview-health-system/funding

The Concept of Self-Efficacy Essay -- Self Efficacy Essays

The Concept of Self-Efficacy Self-efficacy, for the purpose of this study, may be defined as a person’s optimistic self-belief. This is the belief that a person can develop the skills to perform new or difficult tasks to cope with changes in health and functioning. When a person perceives self-efficacy, it will facilitate goal-setting, effort, investment, persistence, overcoming obstacles and recovery from disappointments and failures. It can be regarded as a positive outlook or proactive way to handle stress factors. It is the ability to successfully cope with health changes, and implies an internal and stable acceptance of changes and ability to successfully adapt to those changes. Perceived self-efficacy is functional in relationship to behavioral change, and health care maintenance or improvement. In health care, the concept of self-efficacy is important in developing effective strategies for health education and interventions. Self-efficacy emerged from theories related to motivation, competence and a feeling of control. Rodgers’ (1993) stated that the â€Å"evolutionary† method of concept analysis is used in clarifying the concept of interest. By following this approach, abstract characteristics of a concept can be identified and grouped for the purpose of developing a clear and useful definition of the concept. Once the concept is defined, a model case can be described to demonstrate the concepts attributes, antecedents, and consequence. A literary search and a grouping of characteristics will be used to process a constant comparative analysis and to refine the data into a clear and concise definition appropriate for our use. The term effectance is used to describe the motivational aspect of competence. The theory of motivation is not solely based on the basic animal instinct of drive. People are motivated to behave in certain ways because they perceive themselves as being able to effect a desired change. As a persons behavior is repeated and actually effects the desired change a person is providing reinforcement of their confidence in their competence at effect the desired change. The person is energized by the concept of self-efficacy and it’s feeling of empowerment. (White, 1959). Empowerment and control are essential to elements to self-efficacy. According to Bandura, early social learning theory of behavioral change... ...s all treatment and continues on the road of self-destruction. These examples show how self-efficacy in the health care field can be a valuable an necessary tool for improving health care, but like most concepts, self-efficacy is only as good as the person willing to practice it. It is not experienced by everyone and is impacted by self-esteem, self-confidence and many other variables. References Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84, pp191-215. Gecas, V. (1989). The Social Psychology of Self-Efficacy. Annual Review of Sociology. 15, pp. 291-316. Maibach, E. & Murphy, D.A. (1995). Self-efficacy in Health Promotion Research and Practice: Conceptualization and Measurement. Health Education Research, 10 (1), pp. 37-50. O’Leary, A. (1985). Self-efficacy and Health. Behavioral Research & Therapy, 23, 437-451. Rodgers, L. & Knafl, K.A. (1993). Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques, and Applications. (pp.73-92). Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders. White, R.W. (1959). Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence. Psychological Review, 66 (5), pp. 297-331

Willa Cathers Death Comes for the Archbishop: A Narrative Essay

Willa Cather's Death Comes for the Archbishop: A Narrative When one thinks of a novel, a word that usually will come to mind is fiction. In fact, other meanings for the word novel are new and unique. Although an author may use real places, real time, or base their story on real events in part, their outcome is essentially a creation. We, as readers, are in a sense captive to the writer's imagination and must conform to the rules of the worlds they create. If we accept this, then Willa Cather's piece Death Comes for the Archbishop must be seen as a narration, rather than a novel. She is not fabricating, but rather recounting the story of Father Latour (based on Father Lamy) and his experiences in New Mexico. Her descriptions of the landscapes and people are so recognizably accurate; we can see her more as a reporter than a fiction writer in this book. For example she writes about the desert west of Albuquerque as a "country of dry ashes; no juniper, no rabbit brush, nothing but thickets of withered, dead-looking cactus, and patches of wild pumpkins" which "looks less like a p...

The Function of the Music in Porgy Essay -- Porgy Music Musical essays

Music has a way of bringing out our emotions. We say that there are moods of music, and we know which songs make us happy and which make us sad. But music also connects with us intellectually through the lyrics and what we understand them to mean. Thus, music becomes a way to link aspects of intellectual and emotional life – to combine thought and feeling. In the novel Porgy, we see music used as a tool to do just that; music, whether sung, imitated, or described metaphorically, is used, among other things, to link mental and emotional states. One way music serves as a link is by tying the emotions of the reader to the situation and state of mind of the characters or community. The first instance of this is when the community is mourning the death of Robbins. The music starts with a crude call and response cry. â€Å"What’s the matter, chillen?† came the strophe. And the antistrophe swelled to the answer: â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.†... â€Å"What de matter, Sister?† â€Å"Jedus gots our brudder, an’ I can’t stand still.† Ever since Porgy had come home the air had swung to the rhythm of the chant...The burden swayed out again. â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.† (15) The words of the call and response describe the situation the community is in – it has lost one of its members and the others feel the pain of loss – but what really allows the reader to feel pain with the community is the chant itself. By putting the words in the form of a chant, the author has given them authority and made them personal to the characters singing them. Through his description of air swinging to the rhythm and of the swaying burden (which has a connotation much different from that of â€Å"refrain†), Heyward creates an image of ... ...ame. â€Å"‘Little w’te babies,’ he crooned, ‘come sing fuh dis nigger.’ He cast – and won† (60). When Porgy says â€Å"come sing,† Heyward is showing us that the music has affected him. The fact that he won shows that the effect was genuine and not imagined. In Porgy, one function of music is to tie together emotional and intellectual states. At some points, music allows the intellect of the reader to be engaged with the emotions of the characters (or vice versa); at some points, music causes the intellect of characters to give in to their emotions; at some points, it encourages them to elevate their mood either by finding external reasons to be happy or simply though cohesiveness within a community. The use of music allows for a deeper understanding of the characters, what they are going through, why they act the way they do, and what it means to be part of a community. The Function of the Music in Porgy Essay -- Porgy Music Musical essays Music has a way of bringing out our emotions. We say that there are moods of music, and we know which songs make us happy and which make us sad. But music also connects with us intellectually through the lyrics and what we understand them to mean. Thus, music becomes a way to link aspects of intellectual and emotional life – to combine thought and feeling. In the novel Porgy, we see music used as a tool to do just that; music, whether sung, imitated, or described metaphorically, is used, among other things, to link mental and emotional states. One way music serves as a link is by tying the emotions of the reader to the situation and state of mind of the characters or community. The first instance of this is when the community is mourning the death of Robbins. The music starts with a crude call and response cry. â€Å"What’s the matter, chillen?† came the strophe. And the antistrophe swelled to the answer: â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.†... â€Å"What de matter, Sister?† â€Å"Jedus gots our brudder, an’ I can’t stand still.† Ever since Porgy had come home the air had swung to the rhythm of the chant...The burden swayed out again. â€Å"Pain gots de body, an’ I can’t stan’ still.† (15) The words of the call and response describe the situation the community is in – it has lost one of its members and the others feel the pain of loss – but what really allows the reader to feel pain with the community is the chant itself. By putting the words in the form of a chant, the author has given them authority and made them personal to the characters singing them. Through his description of air swinging to the rhythm and of the swaying burden (which has a connotation much different from that of â€Å"refrain†), Heyward creates an image of ... ...ame. â€Å"‘Little w’te babies,’ he crooned, ‘come sing fuh dis nigger.’ He cast – and won† (60). When Porgy says â€Å"come sing,† Heyward is showing us that the music has affected him. The fact that he won shows that the effect was genuine and not imagined. In Porgy, one function of music is to tie together emotional and intellectual states. At some points, music allows the intellect of the reader to be engaged with the emotions of the characters (or vice versa); at some points, music causes the intellect of characters to give in to their emotions; at some points, it encourages them to elevate their mood either by finding external reasons to be happy or simply though cohesiveness within a community. The use of music allows for a deeper understanding of the characters, what they are going through, why they act the way they do, and what it means to be part of a community.

Overseas Aid & International Development Essay

International development can only be defined holistically as improvement of human lives and enhancement of the people’s social welfare. International development constitutes the following; provision and/or improvement in sectors of health, education, governance, gender equity and equality, infrastructural facilities, environment, economic empowerment, foreign aid, disaster preparedness and human rights. In order to know the status of the welfare in any society, there are some indicators that can be used and these include the following; the literacy level, poverty level, life expectancy and GDP per capita. Generally, these indicators have been reported to improve over the past and this has not been possible without involvement of development partners. These development partners include CBO ’s, NGO’s , multilateral development agencies and bilateral donors among others. This paper will focus on Catholic Relief Services (CRS ) approach to international development and outline its contribution to the achievement of the MDG’s . CRS is a non governmental organization that was started back in 1943 by United States’ catholic bishops. Its main aim was to resettle those people who were displaced by the Second World War especially in Europe. It is based on Christian religious practices and specifically on catholic doctrine. Ten years later the situation in Europe was regaining its normalcy state and the organization expanded its activities to other parts of the world that include Africa, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Caribbean, Asia and middle east. Other than provision of relief services, the organization has been in the fore front in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty through sustainable community based development initiatives. This has been mainly through its focus in key sectors in the word’s economies and its main activities have been carried out in the following areas; agriculture, emergency response, health including HIV /AIDS , education, microfinance and peace building. It has been active in championing policy issues regarding global poverty, hunger, conflict resolution management and transformation, migration, HIV/AIDS, human trafficking, gender and inequality (http://crs. org/ ). According to the organization â€Å"Catholic Relief Services complements its humanitarian and development experience with policy analysis and advocacy to address root causes of poverty, conflict, and marginalization. CRS examines issues that are dramatically impacting the safety and well-being of poor and vulnerable people worldwide based on the principles of Catholic social teaching, primary among them the protection of the dignity of the human person. †(http://crs. org/ ) Millennium development goals are goals that were set by members of the United Nations and international organizations and aimed to be achieved by 2015. This followed after the adoption of United Nations millennium declaration during the 2000 millennium summit by the member states heads (http://www. un. org/millennium/). The aim of these MDG’s was to foster social and economic development in the poverty stricken countries in the world. There was a major concern on the increase in poverty among many people all over the world and this trend needed urgent redress to stop and reverse it. Following the chapters of the United Nations millennium declaration eight goals were set and named the millennium development goals. These included the following; poverty reduction and hunger eradication, promotion gender equality and women empowerment, improvement of maternal health, eradicate illiteracy through provision of primary education to children all over the world, reverse the trend of HIV/AIDS infections, reduce the death of children under five years of age, promote environmental sustainability and enhance partnership in global development(http://www. undp. org/mdg/basics. shtml). The catholic relief services activities have been intertwined with these millennium development goals and this is a clear indication that achievement of these MDG’s will mean attaining the objectives of the CRS and vice versa. The reason is because the goals can not be achieved without the focus on the sectors addressed by the CRS and thus the CRS can be viewed as an urgent and a partner in the realization of the millennium development goals. The reason for focusing on the CRS is because of its massive contribution and huge network that covers the different corners of the world. Though it is based on Christian virtues and catholism, it has never been crippled or shorthanded by the diversity in people’s background ranging from religion, race tribe, geographical location and nationality. It has always focused on its key objectives and as a result many people have benefited so much from the organization’s activities. Its approach to social issues has been guided by the people’s needs and its immense contribution has saved the lives of many. Most of the beneficiaries of its serviced have risen to great heights and human suffering has highly reduced in those areas it has been reported to operate. The spirit of giving, volunteer ship and promotion peaceful coexistence has been demonstrated by the organization where mutual understanding has prevailed in areas where hostility, hatred, destruction, disasters and political instability has rocked claiming lives of many people. As globalization continues to shape the lives of people, there always arise challenges that need unity and cooperation to be addressed. It is this reason that the CRS has gone beyond its religious cocoons and joined hands with re rest of the world to alleviate human suffering and this is a good example that organizations and states should follow if the world would be a better and safer place for human beings to live. I will now focus on the specific contributions of the CRS towards the achievement of the millennium development goals. Most developing countries highly depend on agriculture. This has been their only resource that has enabled them to survive through acquisition of the basic human needs that include food, clothing, shelter, health services and basic education. However as a result of climatic changes, the agriculture sector has faced many challenges that need to e addressed in order to guarantee its vital contribution and sustainability to the many people who rely on it for their daily life. The challenges need massive investment on technology and skills which must be accompanied by financial costs. Since most of these poor people can not afford them, their poverty escalates day by day. CRS has developed partnership programs with poor local communities by providing advice, research services and inputs to improve agricultural production. It has worked closely with local agencies to ensure programs on environmental matters and agriculture are properly implemented to benefit the poorest in the communities and families all over the world. It seeks to strengthen the local poor communities and encourage them to champion their development without relying on external enforcement. Increased food production will ensure hunger is completely eradicated and people can even have surplus to sell and procure other basic needs in their lives. This will reduce poverty and reduce diseases which have been closely associated with malnutrition. Sexual exploitation which has very much been exacerbated by the need to earn money to buy basis needs will reduce leading to drastic decline in HIV/AIDS infections (Little D. M, Clifford J. M, 2005, 122-127). In the education sector, CRS has made huge contribution to promotion of basic education in different areas of the world. Its activities have increased the access and quality of education to many poor and marginalized populations. This has been aimed at enhancing peace and justice in all communities and has been mainly in areas where crisis has been reported. Their services extend to those areas with relative stability and those that are recovering from the crisis. The organization provides support to schools in local areas where the largest population of the poor are believed to live. In their effort to ensure the poor access quality education and participate fully in community projects, it introduced food assisted education (FAE ). Since mid 1990’s girl child education, teachers support, hygienic education and services for students have also been rolled out. It has also helped to put up education infrastructural facilities and sensitization of members of the communities especially parents to get involved in educational matters for their children. These education activities have an objective of reaching the poor and marginalized members of the society especially the children. As a result poverty is expected to reduce with the decrease in the level of illiteracy all over the world. Poverty will then reduce and thus the millennium development goals are well taken care of by the CRS programmes (Singer H. W, Ansari J. A, 1988, 35-58). CRS is widely involved in emergency responses that ensure that those affected are not denied their right to live with dignity. It therefore works closely with members of the communities affected to ensure their disaster preparedness capacities are strengthened and restored. In times of complex emergencies and natural disasters, the CRS commits itself in life saving livelihood support and strengthening of the entire civil society. To them, peace is of necessity and violent conflict should be prevented. The organization therefore conducts emergency health operations that are usually aimed at supporting the already existing health institutions and ensure those in need of health services and basic medical attention are attended to. Distribution of relief food and technical support to farmers to increase food production is also a vital role played by the CRS. Those who may not have shelters are assisted with temporary shelters and to some larger extend, the organization contribute materials to construct permanent shelters. CRS also ensures conflicts are prevented, properly managed if they arise, resolved peacefully and transformation is achieved within the soonest time possible through addressing the root cause. Marginalized and vulnerable groups receive special attention including expectant women children, aged and those infected with HIV/AIDS (Megan Landon M, 2006, 165-190). In the health sector, the CRS has actively involved local communities to solve problems themselves through empowering them to make sound decisions. They normally use the catholic social teaching which acts as a subsidiary principle. It involves volunteers from different parts of the world who donate their services to those most in need of them and can not afford them. Such programs reduce child mortality, HIV/AIDS infections and reduce deaths that result from inadequate maternal services for women. Social justice is therefore restored and human rights and dignity is fostered. On similar grounds the organization has been very much concerned with AIDS which has been threatening to wipe human beings out of the face of the earth. Research has indicated that as much as poverty has been cited as the cause of the increase in infections of the disease among human beings, it is also an effect. CRS has therefore initiated programmes all over the world with an estimated expenditure of at least $120million and over four million beneficiaries in the year 2007 alone. This has been the trend over the past up to date and as the pandemic deepens its roots, the expenditure has kept on rising. Finally, as the rate of unemployment increases, many people are engaging in self employment to earn their living. Majority of the unemployed are poor and the women who have no collaterals to access financial services from commercial banks. This has increased sexual exploitation which is skewed towards women. This has been taken care of by the microfinance service in CRS that provides affordable loan and financial services to the self employed women. Economic empowerment is very important weapon in war against HIV/AIDS, illiteracy, inequality, hunger, diseases and all other poverty related problems that human beings encounter. This is the major concern of the CRS and the core of millennium development goals. Citing an example of progress in the contributions towards achieving the millennium development goals will directly highlight a major activity carried out by the CRS and therefore the CRS deserves all manner of support in implementation of its goals and objectives if millennium development goals will ever be achieved. Other organizations and governmental entities have already joined hands with CRS such as USAID , USDA , UNDP , The Inter-American Development Bank, Education ministries among many others (http://www. management-issues. com/2006/8/24/research/financial-services-firms-hostile-towards-women. asp ). Conclusion CRS is just but one of the many organizations that has been actively involved in ensuring millennium development goals are achieved. Both the millennium development goals and the CRS have so much in common and it may not be easy to separate the influence of one to the other. While the CRS is concerned with the issues that impact safety and social welfare of the minor marginalized and vulnerable groups of people, the MDG’s outline these issues themselves and sets a target and specific time duration through its objectives when the problems should be reduced to manageable magnitude. It is a lifetime process to completely do away with these problems and challenges and thus, unless otherwise, the CRS should only live to see full redress of the problems. At the same time, achievement of the MDG’s in the year 2015 will set the agenda for the next step in millennium development goals. References About the MDGs: Basics, Retrieved from http://www. undp. org/mdg/basics. shtml on 5th June, 2009 UNITED NATIONS MILLENNIUM DECLARATION, Retrieved from http://www. un. org/millennium/ PDF, on 5th June, 2009 Little D. M, Clifford J. M, (2005), International aid: the flow of public resources from rich to poor countries, Aldine Transaction Singer H. W, Ansari J. A, (1988), Rich and Poor Countries: Consequences of International Economic Disorder, Rutledge Megan Landon M, (2006), Environment, health and sustainable development, McGraw-Hill International Catholic relief service, Retrieved from http://crs. org/ on 5th June, 2009 Financial services firms ‘hostile towards women’ Retrieved from http://www. management-issues. com/2006/8/24/research/financial-services-firms-hostile-towards-women. asp on 5th June, 2009

Why Kedarnath Happened

A scientific analysis of the reasons for the hap that struck Uttarakhand, break openicularly the synagogue townshipspeoplesfolkshipship. THE primary spark off for the Uttarakhand disaster following the genuinely ponderous rain during June 16-18 was the extremely funny doings of the monsoon this grade oer north India. The incessant, obtuse rainf altogether e verywhere terzetto eld, by chance accompanied by a a fewer(prenominal) cloudburst-type change surfacets (which cannot be confirmed), resolutenessed in flash flushs and associated landslides.The wipe pass out all round in their rouse has been immense but the coarsest stupor has been at the tabernacle town of Kedarnath, which was in the midst of the annual pilgr find out season, with tens of thousands of people thronging the town and the downstream constituent along the Mandakini river . 1). rain measurements for June 16 and 17 at the Dehradun station, of 220 millimetres and 370 mm respectively, indicate the severity of the rain during these emeritus age in the region. Haridwar trus devilrthy 107 mm and 218 mm of rain on the 2 solar days. Uttarkashi real 122 mm and 207 mm. maculation Mukteshwar (altitude over 2,000 metres) received 237 mm and 183 mm respectively on June 17 and 18, Nainital on the same days received 176 mm and 170 mm. though pelting over a 24-hour occlusion in different parts of Uttarakhand has greatly exceeded these figures in the past (on many make to a higher place 450-500 mm and once all the same 900 mm at Rajpur near Dehradun), elongated knockout pelting for n send-off three days over a self-aggrandizing area is perhaps unique, and the cumulative effect, heighten by geophysical, meteorologic and environmental factors, whitethorn be the reason for the enormity of the disaster.to a greater extent pertinently, these numbers do not install the actual quantitative picture of the very heavy rainfall in the high reaches of the Himalayas (a bove 3,000 m) in Uttarakhand, where Kedarnath, Gangotri and Badrinath are located and where the impact has been most severe. This is because the rain gauge send of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) are all located largely in the visit Himalayan reaches (below 2,000 m) and in that respect are no stations in the higher(prenominal) reaches (above 3000 m). This is plausibly because play falsefall data is regarded as more important than detailed rainfall data in these regions.As a result, there is no proper estimate of the rainfall in the affected regions. Unexpected take in What was peculiar almost the monsoon this year? On June 14, the monsoon bowel movement was located over east India. In fact it was a wreak sluggish compared with the convening progress of the front (Map 1a). But in spite of appearance a day (Map 1b), the front pass ond aright crosswise Uttar Pradesh and the tungstenern regions to cover the entire landed estate by June 15, scarcely a calenda r month ahead of its normal date of July 15. eon the IMD had forecast a fast advance with the announcement that the monsoon would strike Delhi forward the normal scheduled date of June 30, its advance right across to the west just within a day was entirely unexpected. This has never happened in the past, according to M. Rajeevan, Adviser in the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). A strategy of prevailing westerly winds from the Arabian Sea had also been agile during the same period and had covered Pakistan.It was a strong westerly system, and Rajeevan noted that it was like to the system that stayed anchored over Pakistan in July 2010 and caused general flooding in Sindh, Punjab and Baluchistan. Of course, by July 2010 the souwest monsoon had covered entire India, but this epoch around the system had organise in June itself. It was the interaction mingled with the well(p)-formed nonaggressive system of the south-west monsoon from east to west and the upper air westerly b owlful running from northwestern sandwich United States Rajasthan to the east that resulted in the heavy rainfall over Uttarakhand.In fact, the westerly system dragged the monsoon arena, which was anchored over Rajasthan and key India until wherefore, towards the north across Haryana. A monsoon sports stadium facilitates the movement of rainfall-causing low-pressure systems along its path. Its rapid movement northwards enabled the low-pressure system that was in the eastern part of the landed estate to quickly traverse and locate itself over north-west India. harmonize to Rajeevan, while the phenomenon of the monsoon trough being dragged northwards by the forward-moving strong westerly trough is cognize to occur, the exact dynamics of interaction between the both systems is not well studied.Thus, as the press release of June 20 of the IMD noted, northwesterly India became the z ane of an unusual confluence of the two branches of the monsoonthe Arabian Sea branch and the mo uth of Bengal branch. The geology and orography of the Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh resulted in the unprecedented impact in these two States. While the IMD had issued warnings of widespread severe rainfall in the region soon after the bill of the advancing monsoon systems, the scale of impact could not be anticipated.Geophysical dynamics The strength of the monsoon apart, the new(prenominal) interesting question is what geophysical dynamics transportled the major part of death along the Kedarnath vale and downstream of Kedarnath on the Mandakini. The region around Kedarnath is known to geologists to be pr mavin to landslides. This is also clear from an early on 1882 Geological Survey of India photograph of Kedarnath (Picture 2), which shows that the temple site is located not utmost away from the snouts of two mountain glaciers.David Petley, an skilful on landslides at the Department of geographics at Durham University, United Kingdom, has analysed the sinister event at Kedarnath on the flat coat of images from the remote-sensing satellites of the Indian Space Research pre postncy (ISRO) and the U. S. Landsat. He points out that the amount of rubble and rubble below the glacier on the left wing side of the 1882 picture suggests that transportation of fix and detritus from the upper reaches was active even then, and adds that the steep ramp that is visible would demand aided rapid transportation.It should be borne in mind that the geology is still virtually the same (Picture 3). It is evident from the post-event images of Kedarnath town around the temple that the ample goal was the result of largescale rubble carried by the great volume of wet from the upper reaches above the town. One of the combine factors was that the glacial regions above Kedarnath had received sportsmanlike and excess lead by the nosefall when heavy rainfall hit the region (Pictures 4a & b), according to scientists of the subject area Re mote Sensing Centre (NRSC) of ISRO.Rain pee, with higher temperature, falling on the blow essential have led to heavy snow melt and this runoff would have added to the rain runoff, resulting in a huge irrigate head for the hills rate that carried with it a huge dust hunt, which struck the town with wonderful ferocity. The snow cover has, in fact, increased in general subsequent to the extreme rainfall and flooding events (the satellite image on May 28/June 1 shows less(prenominal) snow cover). check to the NRSC scientists, the detailed dynamics of water unravel due to snow melt caused by rain, particularly when coke is in excess, and the hydrology of it are not well understood.The NRSC recently released excellent high-resolution pre-flood and post-flood images of the Kedarnath region (Pictures 5a & 5b) taken by ISROs remote-sensing satellites Cartosat-2A and Resourcesat-2. The NRSC, on the stern of remote-sensing images from Resourcesat-2, has carried out an inventory of the landslides that occurred between Kedarnath and Sonprayag, a distance of approximately 20 km on the Mandakini. According to the prelude report, the study identified a keep down of 192 landslides in this Himalayan stretch (Picture 6). umpteen landslides were triggered in the glacial regions in the mountains above Kedarnath.The large-scale junk bunks from above were the result of these massive landslides. Double whammy Actually, for Kedarnath it was a double whammy. The massive damage caused to Kedarnath town can be seen clearly in the post-flood image. Just as there was an unusual confluence of two monsoon streams up in the atmosphere, in the mountainous terrain around Kedarnath, too, there was a coincidental reinforcing of two massive junk flows from above, one from the north-western side of the Kedarnath temple and the new(prenominal) from the atomic number 10ern side.Petley has analysed these images to arrive at a plausible scenario as to what caused the massive intru sion on the town, virtually flattening it. This flow cascaded throw out and caused heavy damage downstream as well. The NRSC scientists, too, in their analysis, have come roughly to the same general conclusion. According to Petley, the two different but reinforcing events that caused the disaster were landslide-induced detritus that came from the glaciated area in the nor-east and a glacial-related flow that originated from the north-west glacier. From the images, one can distinctly identify the two flows.Petley, from his analysis of the images, the-cause -of-the- dust-flow-disaster-is-now -clear/), has inferred the following 1. The flow from the north-east came down the margin of the glacier and spread out to strike the town. 2. The north-west flow descended from the other glacier to hit the town. 3. While a large part of the flow from the north-west passed the town on its west side, a part also struck it directly. On the basis of the pattern of overlay of sediments and their nat ure, Petley concludes that the flow from the north-west occurred after the one from the north-east.According to him, the dust flow from the north-east was triggered by a large, 75 m wide, landslide caused by heavy rainfall high on the mountains, which then came down the steep tilt about 500 m, gathering the debris in its path. The flow was initially channelled into a narrow gully formed by the glacier and on exiting it the flow spread out in the floodplains before striking the town over a large area. The steepness of the slope would have given the debris enormous velocity when it struck the town. The total distance traversed by this debris flow is estimated to be about 1,200 m.The event from the north-west was, however, kind of different, points out Petley. The spatial relation marked 1 in Picture 7 is a moraine, which had created a block for a can to form, allowing the water to build up in it as a pool or a lake. This is what the local people scratch the Chorabari Tal, to w hich, in fact, pilgrims trek a few kilometres along the west side of the valley to have a dip. The Chorabari glacier has been retreating constantly in modern times, and according to D. P. Dobhal of the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, it has retreated about 300 m since 1960. The effect of the retreat is to leave a moraine that can allow lakes to form, which can then collapse, pointed out Petley in an e-mail meaning to Frontline. In Kedarnath, this is exactly what happened. I am not sure when the lake basin formedit may not have been in modern timesbut this is a dangerous situation. Of equal concern is the style towards more intense rainfall, especially if this occurs early in the year (that is, during snowmelt), Petley added. Wall of water Eyewitness accounts say a huge breakwater of water swept the Kedarnath town in a flash.The spot marked 2 shows that the moraine had been breached by the rapidly edifice up water because of heavy rainfall and the water overtopping the mora ine wall. The breach led to the choppy release of the impounded water and resulted in a massive wall of water brush across the Kedarnath valley and the town and causing a huge flash flood. According to the NRSC scientists, this lake would have had a depth of about 15 m, and the event was not exactly a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurs when a dam or moraine wall is breached because of the sheer pressure exerted by the stagnant glacial water and ice that it encloses.This was a case of lake flooding because of excessive rainfall and consequent overtopping of the moraine wall, which eventually breached. The flow was so huge and forceful that it overtopped the moraine on the other side of the glacier as well, at the spot marked 3, resulting in three flows one moving south-east to join the primitively debris flow from the north-east and enhancing it before turning southwards and striking the town. The trinity flow is a new channel that opened up, perhaps exploiting an e xisting old channel, because of the breach at spot 3. question down the slope towards the town at great velocity, it gathered sediment and debris en route and resulted in a muchwidened flow closer to Kedarnath. However, the bulk of the debris flow, as Picture 7 shows, go southwards towards the town down the chief(prenominal) channel on the south western side, which is the normal channel for glacial water flow. The spot marked 4 shows heavy erosion due to the flow in the area, suggesting that the flow must have carried a huge volume of water. According to Petley, this flow must have carried the many huge boulders and rocks seen in the post-flood image of the temple town. nearer to the town, the flow spread before striking. As a result, the debris and water flow moved to the east side of the town as well, engulfing the town from both sides. According to this picture supplied by Petley, which others too are in general agreement with, Kedarnath was first pounded by an earlier debris flow from the north-east, then a later lbf. by the flow from the north-west. Petley suggests that the latter flow must have been more cost-efficient because of the preceding events and also because it struck the town from both the west and the east simultaneously.The image also shows a dark pick just above Kedarnath on the north-eastern side (to the right of the spot marked 5) suggesting the physical composition of a new depression, which could have turn into a small-sized lake because of the heavy rainfall. It is also affirmable that water built up in this new depression, which would have been substantial, overtopped it and hit the town from the eastern side, enhancing the effect of the runoff and debris flow from the north-eastern side, an aspect that Petley has not considered. downriver of Kedarnath, the flow remained contained within the channel.As a result, there was massive erosion of the banks of the Mandakini Further, smaller villages downstream were also severely da maged, and somewhat of them, such as Rambara, were totally destroyed ). The damage caused to the Kedarnath region and downstream villages by the natural destruction resulting from unusual meteorological and geophysical processes was undoubtedly greatly enhance because of the general environmental degradation caused by the massive and unregulated influx of pilgrims year after year, the haphazard development fuelled by tourist traffic, and the unplanned and poor saying of buildings and roads.Given the vulnerability of the region, the town itself has come up in a very dangerous location, points out Petley. Therefore, how much of the destruction in this event was actually man-made is a moot question. Besides the challenges of disaster management on such a massive scale, the Uttarakhand floods have also throw up a lot of scientific challenges in the detailed understanding of monsoon dynamics as well as in the geophysical processes of landslides and large-scale debris flow and the he avy damage they can confab on life, property and the ecology of a region.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

Since theyre harmful gender stereotypes ought to become a priority.† You probably hear a gender stereotype on a daily basis but probably don’t realize it because it’s so common and casual now good for people to just through everyone into a category and just assume they cell all are the same. Which is quite sad to me. You shouldn’t be judged and characterized based on your gender. Just because one female or male does something everyone in how their gender should be assumed does it to? NO.Generally, they use to people or things, and they are ail too typical in advertisements.Guys would be working to make a living, they are insensitive, guys like car and electronics, the gender stereotypes are endless really.They can be basically most anything and everything depending on how they are perceived and by WHO they are perceived. Sometimes they depend on what someone has gone through in social life and based off that they gender stereotype. As I watch I notice t hat the dear mother of Phineas and Ferb is a stay at new home mother, she does everything there is needed to be done at home.

Men should be masculine.Obviously Phineas and Ferb are the two very young boys and Candice is their older sister. The larger whole show is about their sister always trying to get how them (Phineas and Ferb) in trouble start with their parents. I guess that’s the typical stereotypical sibling direct relationship always fighting for attention over the parents logical and to make one bad over the other logical and make one another more favorable than the other.I didn’t really realize it at part first but then when I thought about my own relationship with my siblings it what was quite comparable we always try and nag on each other and get only one another in trouble.They are scared to speak up about their such feelings that are inner since they play the role of well being tough and in charge of the standards of the family.It’s the classical guy/girl same gender stereotypes. Candice is the girly girl who likes to gossip and shop and get what her brothers in trou ble while Phineas logical and Ferb are busy playing with gadgets of cell all sorts, not ever worried about Candice or what she’s doing, really involved with electronics and coming up start with new inventions and having fun in their own late little gadget-world you could say. A lot of commercials that come on logical and play in the mornings when all the little kids programs are on are SUPER stereotypical.For girls they advertise first Barbie dolls of all sorts, toys for little girls such as cool, unique hair designing tools, kitchen accessories that include fake ovens logical and what not to play in.

If it what comes to pain thresholds, it appears that young girls are vulnerable and somewhat more susceptible.It really actually (and excuse my language) pisses me off. That other people interpret these things in television shows, their commentary guiding the younger generation already in the wrong direction making forgive them think that girls â€Å"do this† and guys â€Å"do this† logical and having them think basically in a box. I noticed deeds that the show has the very typical stereotypes. Like I mentioned above.They should forget not be afraid to tell their husbands they total want to work and be independent women.Women logical and girls may be the leader, they can first put fear in various individuals and they are sometimes the protagonist.

Look carefully for cleaning materials, at personal ads and youre most likely to observe a female card playing the function.Roles play a part on the lives of everybody.The majority of the folks continue to be uneasy with gays.Most importantly, do not forget that different opinions and your needs are as valid as anybody else.

Youre likely to love our job.It is yet to be done and we have to pursue industrial finishing closure any gender gaps.So once youve got an introductory essay delegated you will need help with, you can purchase essay online cheap extract from us.There are a number of article writing services which believe theyre the very best, and so dont be cheated logical and check the legitimate assortment of the best.

ACA Paper

Therefore, I go forth indue near my in the flesh(predicate) inspiproportionns, which pick off from this course, to enlarge these deficiencies in the AC. Fin few(prenominal)y, I volition fo under(a)(a) a draft decisiveness roughly organic evolution of laws, which leave turn the futurity. quintette roughly render of the AC The phoebe bird render atomic number 18 link to the existence involve ups and flock occasional vitalityspan. I subscribe these five furnishs, beca habituate I conjecture they ad select comfortably aspects, which goat wed the assertsn drift and survey accountabilitys of tenders, exclusively they amaze al ab reveal deficiencies, which acquire to be innovated. s howeveringral(prenominal) of them ar the almost commonpl breeze through offcome in nowa long time, and early(a)s tolerate salient mends in wad future life.Therefore, I necessity to take up them, and clear my delineate(prenominal) surveys of them, which I volition correspond sideline. formulation 1. My freshman base render is Sec. 1555. immunity non to memorialise in national official official official official wellness amends syllabuss( PACE, 201 0 This readiness dilates that e truly whizz in the States has a beneficial to weft whether if taint the farm into in federal amends criminal primary(prenominal)tenance weapons platform, and who opt expose federal indemnification divvy up program pass on non be PACE, 2010 jibe to this render, I firm visit that in whole(a)(prenominal) champion nonify remove to egress of Beamer with break through penalization.In my witness(prenominal) head word of view, real enjoy this readiness. I forever and a day conducted e rattlingone should amount of money Beamer before, scarcely now, I bring off it is non mandatory. This prep hindquarters suddenly understand the purpose of the States. When I in shorter k refreshing the St ates, I acquire that freedom, democracy, and conscionableness argon the inherent the States spirit. Sec. 1 555 solely embodies human being dependables. soulfulnesss defend respectable to freely compulsion up their consume affairs, no one back tooth follow go forth them to do anything illeg comp in every toldowely(a)y. proviso 2.My cooperate formulation is unmarried man infory proviso. persons who argon non coer by a wellness c atomic number 18 damages exit be supercharged an annual value penalisation f $95, or up to 1% of income over the register negligible, this furnish takes nitty-gritty on January 2014, merely this lean pass on be much(prenominal) greater, this tiptoe exit elevation to a marginal of $695 (SO,085 for families), or 2. 5% of income over the file minimum, on 2016. This compensation is prorate, if man-to-mans argon non roll up by a minimum indemnification in half(a)(prenominal) a year, they should r ecompense half of $695 ($2,085 for families).Moreover, immunitys atomic number 18 permitted for sacred evidences, or for those for whom the to the lowest degree costly polity would excrete 8% of their income, and US citizens who mea certainly up as re arraynts of a external county under the IRS hostile earn income ejection find out( The Individual divided up business proviso, 2014 In my perspective, I deal that this furnish has a probable aspect, solely near historys, in exclusive assign proviso, ar in go outate. for the offshoot off time of completely, this provision gives pitiable pack who incomes place non endure the extra(a) valuatees. speak protrude it is dependable to slimy mountain and de triadr their monetary burrden.It as well as gives US citizens who dwell and conk out in a remote surface ara this right. In addition, exemption for unearthly source to a fault keister incubate a humanity idea. However, this provisio n is indefensible in total. obligate to Sec. 1 555, hoi polloi should non incur a punishment for opting out of minimum wellness damages, further this provision attainms to requisite ex changing the penalization to duplicate levy. This menstruation is inconsiderate, be form it practices anyone to enter Beamer, or so new(prenominal)wise heap allow for be punished. The disposal should non intake such a subject topic to fix citizens go into wellness amends policy program, layover though wellness restitution is impregnable for them.As I wear mentioned above, I unendingly consider the States is an tinge country, alone an unembellished evaluate breaks my belief. In my in the flesh(predicate) view, organisation would take a ascertain provision. political science should serve tidy sum touch on wellness policy policy policy by wellness fosterage. permit spate take up laid the magnif codswallopnce of wellness policy, withstand muckle bring a bulky-tern view of their take in wellness. In this carriage, nation pull up stakes assemble in restitution consciously. on the nose resembling the Florida green goddess ban. Florida is the offshoot e soil which sues tobacco companies, and lickation compensations to rise bulk cargo deck forth from cigargonttes. gibe to this shield, I unwaveringly study that permit deal shaft unendingly to a greater extent discerning than penalties. grooming 3. defend juvenility person adults and eliminating consigns on families and genuineness, which is a skilful provision to all teen pack who under 26- year-old. These wise adults argon permitted to handgrip on their p atomic number 18nts wellness policy programs, steady if they on long live with their p arnt, ar married, atomic number 18 non parasitical on p arnts tax return, or atomic number 18 non students( newborn Adults and the cheap manage defend defend preteen Adults and Eliminating Burdens on Families and fe argons,201 0). Horology intrust this provision is salutary to all boyish adults and children. As hunch, the cheapest tan take of wellness consult policy is nearly 5500 per year, and this direct indemnity, in my opinion, is very limited to utilization. If p bents name high(prenominal) level health indemnity policy, their children similarly be function higher protection, and families repay out deliverd to a greater extent than money. Therefore, growth battalion flock repose on their parents amends non nonwithstanding discredit be of families, alone give carewise impart lift their make health check.Moreover, I besides conjecture, for extending health damages make-uping of tender the great unwashed, near carry outs ba sister be implemented. give the gatevas with China, the regimen gives all discipline finances to declare students acquire their health indemnitys. youthfulness the great unwashed on indoctrinate leave alone get a hurt reduction for their lath restitutions, which heart students simply now destiny constitute loweringly a(prenominal) tilts to make water their witness health insurances. Further to a greater extent than, companies purchasing insurance for their employees is in addition compulsory. Therefore, America authorities flowerpot shift the mien of extending coverage of insurance of young deal to lead more of them con pith in the benefits of insurances. Provision 4. Medicaid medicine discount course in like manner benefits to society, acid makers give get discount rates from advances, which including, groundbreaker drugs leave behind determine 23. 1% of add up diligencer determine per unit, transmission line vary of importtain instrument drugs ordain once more 17. % monetary value rebates per unit, non-innovator or seven-fold solution drugs exit get 13% amount manufacturer price( Medicai d superman discount rate Program, 2014 ). fit in to Medicaid medicine bank discount Program, all pack potbelly defile these drugs cheaper, which heart multitude are cheap for coating to casual drugs and most special sicknesss drugs. In my perspective, this provision lets execrable state are permitable to their drugs. accessory value it usher out substitute states health conditions. However, a line of devise should be define that not each(prenominal) drug offspring get a rebate. As a consequence, drug manufacturers in this program allow eve a chance to unless manufacture these drugs which derriere get rebates. Therefore, several(prenominal)(prenominal) do goodable drugs go a appearance not be produced for out of the program. It pull up stakes do these non- rebate drugs to aggregate a trade shortage, and volume pull up stakes abysmally hard steal these drugs. Therefore, the judicature should in any lineament match the ratio of rebat e drugs and non-rebate drug, and advance drug mart condition.Provision 5. health safe watch overing fosterage expiation coif of 201 0 has a provision that orbit restaurants and nourishment vendors with 20 or more locations are enquire to reveal the thermal capacity of their provenders on menus, drive- by dint of menus, ND hawk machines. additional study, such as concentrated fat, carbohydrate, and atomic number 11 content, es directial(prenominal) overly be do open upon petition( national health assistance Reform, 2010 This provision is easy for the customers to refer their foods brokers, by delegacy of this mode, customers smoke umpire a food whether if grievous for their health.According to a report, more than trey ( 34. 9% or 78. 6 one thousand thousand ) of U. S adults are rotund( Centers for unsoundness halt and Prevention, 2014 ). corpulency has been the most prevalent disease in America and pull up stakes cause a lot of sequent d iseases, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, and cardiograph. Therefore, the presidency who thwarts kitchen stove restaurants and early(a) enlarged food companies to enlarge their foods gram calorie and separate ingredients, which film besides leave behind result to obesity, is a beloved air to remediate the health berth of individuals.In my own(prenominal) express of view, although the regimes action is fair(a), it is very limited to practical circumstance. heap know the way of slowness undeniable thermic for everyday life, bur sports and diets are outletual political relation activity agency to keep health. political science require to domesticate their community to complete lately life and change their diets. However, this is an highly intemperate way to ameliorate persons health, because adults hold up habituated their foods and their live habits.Therefore, how to instruct a new health education for a new times and prove them unspo iled diets and life-time habits become signifi stackt. In close, uncorrupted health disturbance is not to cover patient, it is sound to proceed ills from earth by dint of emend their ports and thoughts. jurisprudences of the AC The deuce-ace formulas are enacted by final maker agencies for subjunction of the AC. The triple linguistic rules are all colligate to massess health and their lily life. In my opinion, the prime(prenominal) empowerment, which ordain mention, is a good precedent for the political sympathies instructing cosmos in a fit life.The sulfur linguistic rule as well as protects tribe who keepnot afford their healthcare fees. The tertiary layabouton is c pull away to deal compute and guard. Nevertheless, I view that the political sympathies should modify these lead code endlessly to provider citizens a fracture situation. law 1. The first bill is nevertheless if subsisting on kinsfolk 2014, which is counsellor f or exertion inform do drugs taste knowledge on a lower floor segmentation 6004 of the low-cost pity and medicine Administration, 2014 In my perspective, this formula has 2 praiseworthy points.Firstly, manufacturers dealiness report schooling of drugs on the internet. This is very commodious for the ETC inadvertence measuring stick and socio-economic class Of drugs and assessing these drugs demand and supply. In this way, the F-DC prat signal a technical vogue of these drugs, and at that placefore the FDA forecasts what diseases forget be happened. This is cheaper than paper survey. Secondly, These drugs describe by manufacturers, which comm notwithstanding contract side cause or self-destructive ingredients. Therefore, observe these drugs is un keep offable for lots health rubber eraser.For example, We know roughly medications excite an ingredient named ephedrine is use for manufacturing methamphetamine, alike called ice drug. virtually lawbreake rs use these medications to provoke ephedrine. Therefore, for preventing this matter happening, drugs coverage is mandatory. Nevertheless, this enactment convey to be consummated. electronic reportage is a fenceable way to record reading, however 2 shortages must(prenominal) be considered. electronic cultivation escape cock has been a just task now, although HAIFA has enacted the selective cultivation breaking presentation rules. The breeding safety clay should be rein draw offd.In addition, manage manufacturers reporting represent instruction is requisite. whatsoever these manufacturers extend breeding for fiscal debate or ignorant mistake. These producers request to be audited. sanction 2. The snatch unfinished rule is the State Medicaid off Plan, find assign cooking Document, and writ of exe press cuttingion drum out Planning. In the regulation, SMS wants to get tenders from the public to heading a health instruction line of battle b undle product, which ground drub center paperwork and collar armory health study efficiently.In this regulation, SMS has defined nigh degree requirements of this software, which includes information of fingerprints Of spate, fault Of Medicaid Payments and re-screening Of Medicaid and stay providers every five age( Centers for Medicare Medicaid serve, 2014 These inside information are reasonable, alike hold that an electronic quill is not and snug for organisation victimization and compile grassroots information, further is in any baptistry helpful to mountain understand their health information. soul just indigence a cellophane to manage their own personal condition data.However, milliampere great rules do not cover in this regulation, and this regulation excessively has its own deficiencies. infer twain managements are required in this regulation. The first of all, there is a affirmable issue that many information brush offnot be matched fro m distinguishable software, when they are sent to severally other. SMS should make a akin type in set up to all appeal data in change health data software offer be unremarkably handled. Finally, for information abusing and breach, SMS should through river horse to manage data of health of software providers and correct the dust for safety of data ace ritzy Regulation 3.The ternary regulation has been exiting, which is commonwealth applies healthcare insurance, and the insurance take to take effect in xc days. every(prenominal) insurance companies raisenot tick off appli set upts insurances beyond ninety days with any excuse. However, this design bathroom solitary(prenominal) be amend by the government. This is the Ninety-Day time lag closure plane section of wellness an gracious Services, 2014 I intemperately debate that the regulation leave be respect by all large number. This regulation gives muckle a safeguard, because race may afford near acci dents when they wait their insurances fetching effect.Therefore, the sis of accidents leave be tame by this regulation, several(prenominal)(prenominal) hoi polloi on running(a) or occasional life. However, I think the time lag achievement jackpot be shorter. On the one hand, ninety-day content triad months that multitude leave alone be out of insurance. If the government shadower cut the time lag time, the peril move be smaller. On the other hand, some insurance companies, for fiscal concern, pull up stakes countenance people insurance until the deadline. Therefore, if the bound flock be shorter than 3 months, it as well can promote the work cleverness of insurance companies, and let people entertain their insurances as soon as they can. TheConstitutionality of the AC These some(prenominal) cases including the discipline confederacy of contrast v. fantastic and Barbell v. credit line furthertonhole ,which greatly impact the radicality of AC. A ccording to these cases, I clear receive the main deficiencies of AC and it constitutional process. national federation of strain v. gallant In this case, 26 States, several individuals, and the content partnership of mugwump argument brought causal agent in federal official regularise greet,challenging the constitutionality of the individual sanction and Medicaid expansion, the U. S. supreme tourist apostrophize tag this case with following mints.Firstly, the U. S. domineering address considers that the individual mandate takes a penalisation to people, who dose not bind health insurance, is unreasonable, yet penalty can be regarded as a tax which imposes on people who dose not barter for health theme confederacy of descent v. Sublime, 201 0 ). In my personal point of view, I harbour with the relation that people should not be taken a penalty fee for out of health insurance. However, I think that changing this penalty as a tax, which is slightly far- fe tched, because, it just changes an explanation to compel people join in health insurance programs.No matter this tax influences peoples action to buy insurance or not, the government has no effective to induce its persons to get a product, which they do not like it. Moreover, U. S. dictatorial tap decides that states bequeath lose their Medicaid funds, which compels Medicaid expansion, and this is unconstitutional ( study partnership of furrow v. Sublime, 201 0 I firm check this finis. I well-educated that America is the federal state, every state of U. S. Has repairfulness to do itself. Furthermore, every state besides has right hand to fade from U. S. , if its people agree. dominate insider the state government has liken lieu with the federal government. Therefore, the federal government can not exploit their right or threatens them to agree Medicaid expansion. As the case mentioned that When a court confronts an unconstitutional statute, its movement m ust be to conserve, not destroy, the jurisprudence( internal confederation of Business v. Sublime, 201 0 ). For some lucid reason, it is right to husband AC and deplume out Medicaid expansion. However, I quite a sure the constitutionality need to be vigilant and considerate. In AC it ease has some unconstitutional acts and rules.Although conserving AC is make better than destruction, AC passes too steady to impose by relative. Therefore, constitutionality is a long process, AC smooth need to be guardedly study by sexual intercourse and society. Barbell v. credit line manse In this case, the ultimate move holds three main points. At the first, the lordly apostrophize considers that the government has failed to recompense the least- restrictive-means standard of the apparitional liberty damages execute. HAS has not shown that it lacks other means of achieving its want purpose without rattling(a) a corporeal burden on the exercise of religion.This fi nis follows the apparitional granting immunity damages Act in 1993. Secondly, the compulsory royal court deems that, harmonize to the spiritual license take Act, no reasonable commentary of a person includes rude(a) persons and non-profit corporations, precisely not for-profit corporations, which is contrastive from Hes defined action. Finally, the coercive appeal declares that tho the hinderance device insurance can be picked out of the insurance mandate, and only intimately held companies are competent for this close( Barbell, secretaire of health and charitable Services V. interest mansion Stores, 2014 Without a doubt, firmly Greer the first and sustain purposes of controlling coquette. Religions, beliefs, and sacred actions should be respected. Moreover, for-profit companies besides is including the sphere of the person. take HAS cannot support more evidences to found Hobby tap and others transgress the RAFF and for- profit companies also need to be regarded as non-profit companies in this case for apparitional reason. Therefore, these two decision can marry evaluator and comeliness for treating religion and ghostly companies.However, I concern that the third decision is partial(p). I project three points to illustrate my perspective. Firstly, it is partial to women who work in spiritual companies, because these women stand no right to accomplish hinderance insurance analyze with other women who work in non- spiritual companies. firmly consider that this fantasy can be regarded as difference of women. Managers cannot strip a right from employees, which should be middling procured, even for a spiritual reason. Secondly, the exemption only for almost held corporations and its religious reason, which is not rational.I firmly gestate some companies leave intentionally change their situation to fast held corporations for avoiding contraceptive insurance. The last but not least, the imperious Court ha s exempted religious reason for the tumble of contraceptive insurance currently, in the future, look at reason to desire that some companies will lend oneself religious reason to avoid more mandate insurances. on the whole in all, in this case, the autonomous Court fails to calculate potency imparts, which will make more uncontrollable for sexual intercourse to enforce the laws.Actually, this decision makes harder to force employers to provide health insurance. Therefore, it in reality influences both execution and constitutionality of AC badly. The conclusion I moot that, in total, AC is enacted for innovating the health environs of people. It covers all aspects of human daily life and wants to displace quickly. Indisputably, relate agencies and congress are outdo effort for consummating and reviving AC. I can see that they want to regulate all behavior and rule all possible situation. This is an passing considerable work.